Wat is een veer? Types, toepassing en functie in de industrie?
Spring is a Mechanical Component as well as an Elastic Member whose primary function is to “deform under load and regain its original shape” when the load is removed. Because of its elasticity, the spring is not permanently deformed.
The force applied by the spring is known as “load”, and can be measured in pounds, kilograms, or any other unit of force.
A Helical Spring made of steel can be expanded to twice its length without losing its elasticity property.
Most items we use on a daily basis contain springs, which are frequently invisible.
Turning on and off your lights, and even inserting your key into the front door to gain entry. But there are many types of springs, and each has certain advantages for certain uses.
Mostly, Springs are used in industrial applications such as
Shock Absorbers
In Toys
Clocks to Store Energy and among so many other uses of springs.
Spring is used by every industry to meet their specific needs. According to various requirements, springs are available in various designs, shapes, and sizes.
Types of Springs
There are numerous applications for springs because they come in a variety of materials, shapes, functions, etc. The springs are divided into three main categories and numerous subcategories.
#1 Helical Springs
Helical Springs
Helical springs are regarded as the most common type of springs in product manufacturing. These types of springs are wrapped so that they look like a thread. Wires in a helix shape (like the name) with different cross-sections can form helical springs.
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These springs generally operate on Hooke’s law which states that within the limits of elasticity, the applied stress is directly proportional to the tension produced. These are highly reliable and can offer a constant spring rate. Helical springs are further divided into four main types, discussed below.
Advantages of Helical Spring Disadvantages of Helical Spring
Helical springs are highly reliable compared to other types. The main drawback of helical springs is that they are quite expensive.
They have an excellent constant spring rate. There is also the problem of load bearings.
These springs generally have good stability.
#1 Extension Springs
Extension Springs
Extension springs are designed to absorb and store energy, as well as to resist pulling force. When pull force is applied, it results in the extension of the spring. Unlike compression springs, extension springs are closed coils and are also known as tension springs.
These springs are usually attached to other components at both ends, and when they are separated, the spring tries to bring them together again. Extension springs experience loads at zero deflection due to their initial tension. It is commonly used in automotive interiors and exteriors applications, garage door assemblies, carburetors, etc.
Advantages of Extension Spring Disadvantages of Extension Spring
These can fully expand and contract when operating overhead doors. Extension springs generally require more parts.
This spring can last up to 10,000 cycles. There is a possibility of wear and tear with extension springs.
#2 Torsion Springs
Torsion Springs
Torsion springs work by rotating their end along their axis, a flexible elastic object that stores mechanical energy when twisted. When it is rotated, it exerts torque in the opposite direction, which is proportional to the amount of rotation.
Because of the rotation, these springs use the radial direction when the force is acting radially. These are generally seen in applications that rotate less than 360 degrees. Torsion springs last a long time and can be easily adjusted in all types of vehicles. It is commonly used in clothes pins, clipboards, swing-down tailgates, and garage doors.
Advantages of Torsion Spring Disadvantages of Torsion Spring
These springs are solid and last for a long time. Torsion springs generally cannot provide a progressive spring rate.
A torsion spring is easy to lubricate and maintain compared to an extension spring.
These springs allow for controlled motion.
#3 Compression Springs
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It gives good shock absorption and energy dissipation.
#1 Belleville Disk Spring
The Belleville disk spring has a cupped construction and is also known as the cone-shaped disc spring. They don’t lay flat. They adopt a canonical shape instead, which compresses and enables them to support heavy loads.
#2 Curved Disk Spring
These types of springs apply light pressure to their mating par to prevent loosening brought on by vibration. They are also known as crescent washers. They work well for evenly distributing loads of threaded bolts, screws, and nuts in vibrating machinery.
#3 Slotted Disk Spring
A disk spring with slots on both the outer and inner diameters is known as a slotted disk spring. As a result, the lever will have less spring load and more deflection. Slotted disk springs are widely used in clutches, overload couplings, and automatic transmissions.
#4 Wave Disc Spring
Wave disk springs are suitable for providing prices and predictable loading because they have multiple waves per turn. They can act as a cushion in this situation by absorbing stress caused by axial compression.
Other Types of Springs
#1 Linear Springs
The linear spring has the same diameter along its entire length, and this uniform diameter provides it with a constant spring rate. In other words, the rate of the spring does not change regardless of the load acting on the spring, and the deflection of the spring will be proportional to the applied force.
Some linear springs store energy through compression rather than expansion. For instance, when you compress a spring in a typical jack, you work on the spring, which is stored in the spring as energy. These types of springs are also known as constant-rate springs.
#2 Variable-rate Springs
Variable-rate Springs
Image: compare.parts
The spring rate of variable-rate springs increases with spring deflection. A variable-rate spring does not have the same spring rate across its axial length and is usually not constant or linear. These springs are employed when the manufacturer wants to control the spring rate.
A cone-shaped compression variable spring is typically found in the battery box. These springs may have multiple rates, or while the spring is compressing, they may have a progressively increasing or decreasing spring rate. This offers many advantages, and many products rely on variable-rate springs to deliver optimum performance.
#3 Flat Springs
Flat Springs
Flat springs generally come in all kinds of shapes and sizes. These are made from steel and are ideally suited for applications where space is limited or where spring can be used as part of a mounting assembly.
These are essentially sheet metal parts that can be formed by stamping. Spring washers, PCB spring contacts, and retainer clips are good examples of flat springs. However, there are also coiled flat springs, such as clock springs and volute springs. They also require heat treatment to shape.
Read Also: Different Types of Measuring Tools and Their Uses
#5 Machined Springs
Machined Spring
Image: mondial.it
A machined spring is a piece of material that has been precisely designed and machined to the spring characteristics. As the name suggests, machined springs are typically made on CNC lathes and mills.
It is designed to provide precise performance in the form of compression, extension, torsion, lateral translation, or lateral bending spring. These types of springs are used for heavy-duty applications with high strength and precision requirements.
#6 Molded Springs
Molded Spring
Molded springs are nothing but plastic or composite springs commonly found in corrosive environments such as food production, medicine, and marine applications. Because of the creep, molded springs should be used only in irregular cycles.
The mold spring mainly has a small installation volume, excellent elasticity, strong rigidity, high precision, a rectangular material shape, surface color separation coating, and an aesthetic appearance. Compared to regular springs, they are relatively new to space, and supplies are not as great.
You might like: Different Types of Flanges and Their Applications
#7 Serpentine Spring
Serpentine Spring
Serpentine springs zigzag on the seat or back and provide excellent comfort and durability. These springs are springs made from steel wire shaped into a continuous (S) shape.
They have higher quality, are thicker, more stable, and are usually corrosion-resistant. These types of springs are made from rigid spring steel wire and are delivered on a roll to the sofa manufacturer. Some zig-zag springs are thin and are often installed in inexpensive sofas.
#8 Gas Springs
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